Ammonium nitrate | |
---|---|
Names: | ammonium nitrate ammonia nitrate
|
Formula: | NH4NO3 |
SMILES: | [NH4+].[N+](=O)([O-])[O-] |
Molar mass: | 80.043 g/mol |
Density: | 1.725 g/cm3 |
Crystal system: | orthorhombic (α) a=7.9804 Å, b=8.0027 Å, c=9.8099 Åα=90°, β=90°, γ=90° orthorhombic (β) a=4.9298 Å, b=5.7574 Å, c=5.4394 Åα=90°, β=90°, γ=90° orthorhombic (γ) a=7.1624 Å, b=7.7184 Å, c=5.8447 Åα=90°, β=90°, γ=90° tetragonal (δ) a=5.7193 Å, b=5.7193 Å, c=4.9326 Åα=90°, β=90°, γ=90° cubic (ε) a=4.3655 Å, b=4.3655 Å, c=4.3655 Åα=90°, β=90°, γ=90° |
Shapes: |
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Color: | colorless white |
Melting point: | 169.6 °C442.75 K <br />337.28 °F <br />796.95 °R <br /> |
Decomposition point: | -16.8 °C256.35 K <br />1.76 °F <br />461.43 °R <br /> (α) 32.3 °C305.45 K <br />90.14 °F <br />549.81 °R <br /> (β) 84.2 °C357.35 K <br />183.56 °F <br />643.23 °R <br /> (γ) 125.2 °C398.35 K <br />257.36 °F <br />717.03 °R <br /> (δ) 210 °C483.15 K <br />410 °F <br />869.67 °R <br /> (anhydrous) |
Optical properties: | birefringence |
Magnetic properties: | diamagnetic |
Stability: | slightly hygroscopic |
Hardness: | fragile |
Toxicity: | non-toxic LD50=2085mg/kg |
Description
Inorganic compound, salt of ammonium ion and inorganic nitric acid. Doesn't form water hydrates.
Where to buy
Can be bought in fertilizers store (as "Ammonium nitrate").
Precursors
Reaction between ammonia and nitric acid
Chemical equation:
100.00
g of ammonium nitrate а 175.13
g of 25%
ammonia and 121.11
g of 65%
acid is required.Add acid to the flask, then add small parts of ammonium compound with stirring until it will totally dissolve . After reaction will stop, filter the solution and use it for crystal growing.
Reaction between calcium or lead(II) nitrate and ammonium hydroxide or sulfate
Chemical equation:
100.00
g of ammonium nitrate а 82.54
g of ammonium sulfate or 175.13
g of 25%
ammonia and 206.89
g of nitrate lead(II) or 147.51
g of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate
is required.Add to the flask with calcium or lead nitrate solution small parts of ammonium salt solution and stir. The large amount of poorly soluble precipitate will form. Settle it out and discard, then filter the solution carefully.
Influence of temperature
Forms a plurality of different crystal structures, depending on the solution temperature.
Notes
Dissolving is endothermic, solution cools much, so use hot water or using heat.
Storage conditions
Store in its original form or under several layers of varnish at average humidity and room temperature. Do not store in matchboxes or cotton wool and do not heat.
Solubility
Temperature | гр/100,00 гр water | гр/100,00 гр ethanol | гр/100,00 гр methanol | гр/100,00 гр DMSO | гр/100,00 гр pyridine | гр/100,00 гр ammonia | гр/100,00 гр hydrazine | гр/100,00 гр dimethylformamide |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0°C273.15 K <br />32 °F <br />491.67 °R <br /> | 119 | |||||||
10°C283.15 K <br />50 °F <br />509.67 °R <br /> | 150 | |||||||
15°C288.15 K <br />59 °F <br />518.67 °R <br /> | ~171 | |||||||
20°C293.15 K <br />68 °F <br />527.67 °R <br /> | 192 | 2.5 | 17.1 | 78 | ||||
25°C298.15 K <br />77 °F <br />536.67 °R <br /> | 212 | ~3.13 | 73 | 23.35 | 391 | 55.1 | ||
30°C303.15 K <br />86 °F <br />545.67 °R <br /> | 242 | ~3.75 | ||||||
40°C313.15 K <br />104 °F <br />563.67 °R <br /> | 297 | 5 | ||||||
50°C323.15 K <br />122 °F <br />581.67 °R <br /> | 346 | ~6.25 | ||||||
60°C333.15 K <br />140 °F <br />599.67 °R <br /> | 421 | 7.5 | ||||||
70°C343.15 K <br />158 °F <br />617.67 °R <br /> | 499 | |||||||
80°C353.15 K <br />176 °F <br />635.67 °R <br /> | 599 | |||||||
90°C363.15 K <br />194 °F <br />653.67 °R <br /> | 740 | |||||||
100°C373.15 K <br />212 °F <br />671.67 °R <br /> | 1024 |
Gallery
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BirefringenceAmmonium nitrate, Stanislav Popov, VKontakteVKontakte
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Crust on the surface of the solution and vessel wallsAmmonium nitrate, Stanislav Popov, VKontakteVKontakte
Video
Sources
- R.A.Kiper Properties of compounds. Handbook
- S.West, The crystal structure of rhombic ammonium nitrate
- T.Goodwin, The crystal structure of ammonium nitrate
- W.Lucas, The crystal structure of ammonium nitrate
- S.Hendricks, The variation of the crystal structure of ammonium nitrate with temperature
- M.Ahtee, The structure of low-temperature phase of ammonium nitrate
- H.Wu, Characterization of polymorphic transformation of ammonium nitrate