Ammonium sulfate
From Crystal growing
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Ammonium sulfate | |
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Names: | sulfate ammonium diammonium sulfate actamaster Е517 food additive
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Formula: | (NH4)2SO4 |
SMILES: | [O-]S(=O)(=O)[O-].[NH4+].[NH4+] |
Molar mass: | 132.139 g/mol |
Density: | 1.769 g/cm3 |
Crystal system: | orthorhombic (α) a=7.924 Å, b=10.526 Å, c=5.953 Åα=90°, β=90°, γ=90° orthorhombic (β) a=7.782 Å, b=10.636 Å, c=5.993 Åα=90°, β=90°, γ=90° |
Shapes: |
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Color: | colorless |
Melting point: | 218 °C491.15 K <br />424.4 °F <br />884.07 °R <br /> |
Decomposition point: | 235 °C508.15 K <br />455 °F <br />914.67 °R <br /> (anhydrous) -93 °C180.15 K <br />-135.4 °F <br />324.27 °R <br /> (α) |
Refractive index: | 1.521 |
Magnetic properties: | diamagnetic χ=-6.70 · 10-5cm³/mol |
Stability: | stable |
Hardness: | relatively strong (2 on Moh's scale) |
Toxicity: | non-toxic LD50=2840mg/kg |
Description
Minerals
Occurs in nature as mascagnite mineral.Where to buy
In fertilizers store (as "Ammonium sulfate").Precursors
Reaction between ammonia and sulfuric acid
Chemical equation:
For preparation of
Add acid to the flask, then add small parts of ammonium compound with stirring until heating will stop (attention, the solution may boil!) . After reaction will stop, filter the solution and use it for crystal growing.100.00
g of ammonium sulfate а 212.18
g of 25%
ammonia and 200.60
g of 37%
sulfuric acid is required.Reaction between ammonium chloride or nitrate and sulfuric acid
Chemical equation:
For preparation of
Add to the flask acid and then add small parts of hot acid solution with heating and stirring. Emission of large amount of gas will begin.Attention, exuding gas irritates eyes and lungs! The synthesis should be carried out only in a fume hood or outdoors! After reaction will stop, filter the solution and use it for crystal growing.100.00
g of ammonium sulfate а 80.96
g of ammonium chloride or 121.15
g of nitrate and 200.60
g of 37%
sulfuric acid is required.Storage conditions
Store in its original form or under several layers of varnish at average humidity and room temperature. Do not store in matchboxes or cotton wool and do not heat.Solubility
Temperature | гр/100,00 гр water | гр/100,00 гр formic acid 95% |
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0°C273.15 K <br />32 °F <br />491.67 °R <br /> | 70.1 | |
10°C283.15 K <br />50 °F <br />509.67 °R <br /> | 72.7 | |
15°C288.15 K <br />59 °F <br />518.67 °R <br /> | ~74.1 | 25.4 |
20°C293.15 K <br />68 °F <br />527.67 °R <br /> | 75.4 | |
25°C298.15 K <br />77 °F <br />536.67 °R <br /> | 76.9 | |
30°C303.15 K <br />86 °F <br />545.67 °R <br /> | 78.1 | |
40°C313.15 K <br />104 °F <br />563.67 °R <br /> | 81.2 | |
50°C323.15 K <br />122 °F <br />581.67 °R <br /> | 84.3 | |
60°C333.15 K <br />140 °F <br />599.67 °R <br /> | 87.4 | |
70°C343.15 K <br />158 °F <br />617.67 °R <br /> | ~90.8 | |
80°C353.15 K <br />176 °F <br />635.67 °R <br /> | 94.1 | |
90°C363.15 K <br />194 °F <br />653.67 °R <br /> | ~98.1 | |
100°C373.15 K <br />212 °F <br />671.67 °R <br /> | 102 |
Gallery
Cooling of saturated solution from 94 °C to 16 °CAmmonium sulfate, Yaroslav Zavada, VKontakteVKontakte
Cooling of saturated solution from 94 °C to 16 °CAmmonium sulfate, Yaroslav Zavada, VKontakteVKontakte