Iron(II)-ammonium sulfate

From Crystal growing


   Iron(II)-ammonium sulfate   
Names: diammonium-iron sulfate
ferrous ammonium sulfate
ammonium iron sulfate
Mohr's salt
iron Tutton's salt
ferrous Tutton's salt
ammonium iron schoenite
NISH
NFSH

Formula: (NH4)2Fe(SO4)2 (anhydrous)
(NH4)2Fe(SO4)2 · 6H2O (hexahydrate)
SMILES: [O-]S(=O)(=O)[O-].[O-]S(=O)(=O)[O-].[Fe+2].[NH4+].[NH4+]
Molar mass: 284.045 g/mol (anhydrous)
392.134 g/mol (hexahydrate)
Density: 1.86 g/cm3 (hexahydrate)
Crystal system: monoclinic (hexahydrate)
a=9.32 Å, b=12.65 Å, c=6.24 Åα=90°, β=106.8°, γ=90°
Shapes:
https://en.crystalls.info/w/uploads/media/3/35/Deformed_tetragonal_bipyramid.json
Deformed tetragonal bipyramid
https://en.crystalls.info/w/uploads/media/7/7b/Beveled_rhombic_prism.json
Beveled rhombic prism
https://en.crystalls.info/w/uploads/media/9/9a/Truncated_deformed_hexagonal_prism.json
Truncated deformed hexagonal prism
https://en.crystalls.info/w/uploads/media/9/91/Truncated_trigonal_prism.json
Truncated trigonal prism

Color: light-green
pale-green
Decomposition point: 105 °C378.15 K <br />221 °F <br />680.67 °R <br /> (hexahydrate)
Stability: stable (hexahydrate)
hygroscopic (anhydrous)
Hardness: relatively strong
Toxicity: non-toxic
LD50=3250mg/kg

Description

Inorganic compound, double salt of transitional metal iron, ammonium ion and inorganic sulfuric acid. From water solutions crystallizes as hexahydrate.

Minerals

Occurs in nature as mohrite mineral.

Precursors

Reaction between iron(II) and ammonium sulfates

Chemical equation:

(NH4)2SO4 + FeSO4 = (NH4)2Fe(SO4)2↓


For preparation of 100.00g of iron(II)-ammonium sulfate hexahydrate а 70.90g of iron(II) sulfate heptahydrate and 33.70g of ammonium sulfate is required.

Dissolve compounds in hot water apart and then mix solutions into one container with intense stirring. Cooling or evaporation of a solution will cause double salt crystallyzation. Filter precipitate and wash it wish small amount of ethanol or acetone, then filter the solution and use it for crystal growing.

Reaction between iron(II) chloride or nitrate and ammonium sulfate

Chemical equation:

2(NH4)2SO4 + FeCl2 = (NH4)2Fe(SO4)2↓ + 2NH4Cl
2(NH4)2SO4 + Fe(NO3)2 = (NH4)2Fe(SO4)2↓ + 2NH4NO3


For preparation of 100.00g of iron(II)-ammonium sulfate hexahydrate а 50.70g of ammonium chloride tetrahydrate or 73.43g of iron(II) nitrate hexahydrate and 67.39g of sulfate is required.

Add to the flask with saturated iron compound solution a ammonium sulfate solution with stirring. Freezing this mixture will cause forming a large amount of crystalline precipitateof Mohr's salt. For purifying compound from unreacted compounds add large amount of cold ethanol or acetone to solution, salt will settle to the bottom in the form of fine crystals or powder. Filter precipitate and wash it with small amount of the same solvent, then filter the solution and use it for crystal growing.

Reaction between iron(II) sulfate and ammonium nitrate or chloride

Chemical equation:

2NH4Cl + 2FeSO4 = (NH4)2Fe(SO4)2↓ + 2FeCl2
2NH4NO3 + 2FeSO4 = (NH4)2Fe(SO4)2↓ + 2Fe(NO3)2


For preparation of 100.00g of iron(II)-ammonium sulfate hexahydrate а 27.28g of ammonium chloride or 40.82g of nitrate and 141.79g of iron(II) sulfate heptahydrate is required.

Add to the flask with saturated iron(II) sulfate solution a ammonium salt solution with stirring. Freezing this mixture will cause forming a large amount of crystalline precipitateof Mohr's salt. For purifying compound from unreacted compounds add large amount of cold ethanol or acetone to solution, salt will settle to the bottom in the form of fine crystals or powder. Filter precipitate and wash it with small amount of the same solvent, then filter the solution and use it for crystal growing.

Reaction between iron ammonium alum, pure iron and sulfuric acid

Chemical equation:

2NH4Fe(SO4)2 + Fe + 3H2SO4 = (NH4)2Fe(SO4)2↓ + Fe2(SO4)3 + 3H2↑


For preparation of 100.00g of iron(II)-ammonium sulfate hexahydrate а 135.67g of iron ammonium alum, 14.24g of iron and 202.79g of 37% sulfuric acid is required.

Add diluted acid to the flask, then add small parts of iron with pure metal iron compound with stirring until it will totally dissolve . For purifying compound from unreacted compounds add large amount of cold ethanol or acetone to solution, salt will settle to the bottom in the form of fine crystals or powder. Filter precipitate and wash it with small amount of the same solvent, then filter the solution and use it for crystal growing.

Influence of impurities

Excess of iron(II) sulfate influenses on crystal shape and leads to growth of polycrystalline.
Excess of ammonium sulfate influenses on crystal shape and leads to transparency deterioration.
Addition of glycerol leads to flattening of crystal shape and positively influences on transparency.

Storage conditions

Store in its original form or under several layers of varnish at average humidity and room temperature. Do not store in matchboxes or cotton wool and do not heat.

Solubility

Temperatureгр/100,00 гр water
0°C273.15 K <br />32 °F <br />491.67 °R <br />12.5
10°C283.15 K <br />50 °F <br />509.67 °R <br />17.2
15°C288.15 K <br />59 °F <br />518.67 °R <br />~19.4
20°C293.15 K <br />68 °F <br />527.67 °R <br />21.6
25°C298.15 K <br />77 °F <br />536.67 °R <br />~24.5
30°C303.15 K <br />86 °F <br />545.67 °R <br />~27.3
40°C313.15 K <br />104 °F <br />563.67 °R <br />33
50°C323.15 K <br />122 °F <br />581.67 °R <br />40
60°C333.15 K <br />140 °F <br />599.67 °R <br />~46.0
70°C343.15 K <br />158 °F <br />617.67 °R <br />52
80°C353.15 K <br />176 °F <br />635.67 °R <br />~62.5
90°C363.15 K <br />194 °F <br />653.67 °R <br />73
Insoluble in ethanol and acetone.


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   Sulfates
Simple

Aluminum sulfate (Al2(SO4)3) • Ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4) • Calcium sulfate (CaSO4) • Cadmium sulfate (CdSO4) • Cerium(III) sulfate (Ce2(SO4)3) • Cerium(IV) sulfate (Ce(SO4)2) • Chromium(III) sulfate (Cr2(SO4)3) • Cobalt(II) sulfate (CoSO4) • Copper(II) sulfate (CuSO4) • Gadolinium sulfate (Gd2(SO4)3) • Holmium sulfate (Ho2(SO4)3) • Hydrazine sulfate (N2H4 · H2SO4) • Iron(II) sulfate (FeSO4) • Iron(III) sulfate (Fe2(SO4)3) • Lanthanum sulfate (La2(SO4)3) • Lithium sulfate (Li2SO4) • Magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) • Manganese(II) sulfate (MnSO4) • Neodymium sulfate (Nd2(SO4)3) • Nickel sulfate (NiSO4) • Potassium sulfate (K2SO4) • Praseodymium(III) sulfate (Pr2(SO4)3) • Rubidium sulfate (Rb2SO4) • Sodium hydrosulfate (NaHSO4) • Sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) • Yttrium sulfate (Gd2(SO4)3) • Zinc sulfate (ZnSO4)

Alums

Aluminum-ammonium sulfate (NH4Al(SO4)2) • Aluminum-potassium sulfate (KAl(SO4)2) • Chromium(III)-ammonium sulfate (NH4Cr(SO4)2) • Chromium(III)-potassium sulfate (KCr(SO4)2) • Indium(III)-potassium sulfate (KIn(SO4)2) • Iron(III)-ammonium sulfate (NH4Fe(SO4)2) • Iron(III)-potassium sulfate (KFe(SO4)2) • Vanadium(III)-ammonium sulfate (NH4V(SO4)2)

Tutton's salts

Cobalt(II)-ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2Co(SO4)2) • Cobalt(II)-potassium sulfate (K2Co(SO4)2) • Copper(II)-ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2Cu(SO4)2) • Copper(II)-potassium sulfate (K2Cu(SO4)2) • Iron(II)-ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2Fe(SO4)2) • Iron(II)-potassium sulfate (K2Fe(SO4)2) • Magnesium-ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2Mg(SO4)2) • Magnesium-potassium sulfate (K2Mg(SO4)2) • Magnesium-potassium sulfate-chromate (K2CrO4 · MgSO4) • Manganese(II)-ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2Mn(SO4)2) • Manganese(II)-potassium sulfate (K2Mn(SO4)2) • Nickel-ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2Ni(SO4)2) • Nickel-potassium sulfate (K2Ni(SO4)2) • Zinc-ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2Zn(SO4)2) • Zinc-potassium sulfate (K2Zn(SO4)2) •

Double salts

Copper(II)-iron(II) sulfate ((Cu,Fe)SO4) • Iron(II)-magnesium sulfate ((Fe,Mg)SO4) • Lithium-potassium sulfate (KLiSO4) • Sodium-ammonium sulfate (NaNH4SO4) • Zinc-sodium sulfate (Na2Zn(SO4)2) •

Adducts

Triglycine sulfate ((NH2CH2COOH)3 · H2SO4) • Glutamic acid sulfate (C5H9NO4 · H2SO4)

Complexes

Cerium(III) sulfocerate(IV) (Ce4[Ce(SO4)4]3) • Glycinecopper(II) sulfate ([Cu(NH2CH2COOH)]SO4) • Hexakarbamatzinc sulfate ([(CON2H4)6Zn]SO4) • Tetraamminecopper(II) sulfate ([Cu(NH3)4]SO4) • Tris(hydroxymethil)methanoaminecopper(II) sulfate ([Cu(NH2C(CH2OH)3)4]SO4)


   Ammonium compounds
Salts

Ammonium citrate ((NH4)3C3H5O(COO)3) • Ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) • Ammonium dichromate ((NH4)2Cr2O7) • Ammonium dihydrophosphate (NH4H2PO4) • Ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) • Ammonium perrhenate (NH4ReO4) • Ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4) • Ammonium succinate ((NH4)2C4H4O4) • Ammonium tetraborate ((NH4)2B4O7) • Ammonium thiocyanate (NH4NCS)

Double salts

Aluminum-ammonium sulfate (NH4Al(SO4)2) • Calcium-ammonium nitrate (5Ca(NO3)2 · NH4NO3) • Chromium(III)-ammonium sulfate (NH4Cr(SO4)2) • Cobalt(II)-ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2Co(SO4)2) • Copper(II)-ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2Cu(SO4)2) • Iron(II)-ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2Fe(SO4)2) • Iron(III)-ammonium sulfate (NH4Fe(SO4)2) • Magnesium-ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2Mg(SO4)2) • Manganese(II)-ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2Mn(SO4)2) • Nickel-ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2Ni(SO4)2) • Sodium-ammonium sulfate (NaNH4SO4) • Vanadium(III)-ammonium sulfate (NH4V(SO4)2) • Zinc-ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2Zn(SO4)2)

Complexes

Ammines • Ammonium dioxalatocuprate(II) ((NH4)2[Cu(C2O4)2]) • Ammonium pentachloroferrate(III) ((NH4)2[FeCl5]) • Ammonium tetrachlorocuprate(II) ((NH4)2[CuCl4]) • Ammonium trioxalatoferrate(III) ((NH4)3[Fe(C2O4)3])


   Iron compounds
Salts

Iron (Fe) • Iron(II) acetate (Fe(CH3COO)2) • Iron(II) chloride (FeCl2) • Iron(III) chloride (FeCl3) • Iron(II) citrate (FeHC3H5O(COO)3) • Iron(II) formate (Fe(COOH)2) • Iron(III) formate (Fe2(COOH)3) • Iron(II) nitrate (Fe(NO3)2) • Iron(II) phosphate (Fe3(PO4)2) • Iron(II) sulfate (FeSO4) • Iron(III) sulfate (Fe2(SO4)3)

Double salts

Iron(III)-ammonium sulfate ((NH4)Fe(SO4)2) • Iron(II)-ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2Fe(SO4)2) • Iron(II)-potassium sulfate (K2Fe(SO4)2) • Iron(II)-magnesium sulfate ((Fe,Mg)SO4) • Copper(II)-iron(II) sulfate ((Cu,Fe)SO4)

Complexes


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