Ammonium dihydrophosphate
From Crystal growing
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Ammonium dihydrophosphate | |
---|---|
Names: | ammonium dihydrogen phosphate monoammonium phosphate ADP |
Formula: | NH4H2PO4 |
SMILES: | [NH4+].OP(=O)(O)[O-] |
Molar mass: | 115.025 g/mol |
Density: | 1.8 g/cm3 |
Crystal system: | tetragonal a=7.4997 Å, b=7.4997 Å, c=7.5493 Åα=90°, β=90°, γ=90° |
Shapes: |
|
Color: | colorless |
Melting point: | 190 °C463.15 K <br />374 °F <br />833.67 °R <br /> |
Decomposition point: | 250 °C523.15 K <br />482 °F <br />941.67 °R <br /> |
Refractive index: | 1.525 |
Optical properties: | birefringence |
Electricity properties: | piezoelectric ferroelectric dielectric |
Stability: | stable |
Hardness: | relatively strong (2 on Moh's scale) |
Toxicity: | non-toxic LD50=5750mg/kg |
Description
Minerals
Occurs in nature as biphosphammite and archerite minerals.Where to buy
In fertilizers store (as "ammophos").Precursors
Reaction between ammonia and phosphoric acid
Chemical equation:
For preparation of
Add hot acid to the flask, then add small parts of ammonium compound with stirring until heating will stop (attention, the solution may boil!) . After reaction will stop, filter the solution and use it for crystal growing.100.00
g of ammonium dihydrophosphate а 121.87
g of 25%
ammonia and 100.23
g of 85%
phosphoric acid is required.Influence of impurities
Small addition of baking soda or ammonia improves crystal form and transparency.Influence of pH level
Sharp or needle crystals are forming at lower pH.Storage conditions
Store in its original form or under several layers of varnish at average humidity and room temperature. Do not store in matchboxes or cotton wool and do not heat.Solubility
Temperature | гр/100,00 гр water |
---|---|
0°C273.15 K <br />32 °F <br />491.67 °R <br /> | 22.6 |
10°C283.15 K <br />50 °F <br />509.67 °R <br /> | 28 |
15°C288.15 K <br />59 °F <br />518.67 °R <br /> | ~31.7 |
20°C293.15 K <br />68 °F <br />527.67 °R <br /> | 35.3 |
25°C298.15 K <br />77 °F <br />536.67 °R <br /> | 39.5 |
30°C303.15 K <br />86 °F <br />545.67 °R <br /> | 43.9 |
40°C313.15 K <br />104 °F <br />563.67 °R <br /> | 56.7 |
50°C323.15 K <br />122 °F <br />581.67 °R <br /> | ~69.6 |
60°C333.15 K <br />140 °F <br />599.67 °R <br /> | 82.5 |
70°C343.15 K <br />158 °F <br />617.67 °R <br /> | ~100 |
80°C353.15 K <br />176 °F <br />635.67 °R <br /> | 118.3 |
90°C363.15 K <br />194 °F <br />653.67 °R <br /> | ~146 |
100°C373.15 K <br />212 °F <br />671.67 °R <br /> | 173.2 |
Gallery
Growing during 5 monthsAmmonium dihydrophosphate, Aleksey Busargin, VKontakteVKontakte
Growing during 5 monthsAmmonium dihydrophosphate, Aleksey Busargin, VKontakteVKontakte
Growing during 5 monthsAmmonium dihydrophosphate, Aleksey Busargin, VKontakteVKontakte
Growing from low pH solutionAmmonium dihydrophosphate, Rostislav Dolgikh, VKontakteVKontakte
Video
Sources
- R.A.Kiper Properties of compounds. Handbook
- W.Baur, Reconstruction of local atomic environments in the disordered hydrogen-bonded crystal structures of paraelectric ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate
- A.Khan, Refinement of the crystal structures of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and ammonium dihydrogen arsenate