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Aluminum-ammonium sulfate | |
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Names: | aluminum(III)-ammonium sulfate ammonium-aluminum sulfate ammonium alum Е523 food additive |
Formula: | NH4Al(SO4)2 (anhydrous) NH4Al(SO4)2 · 12H2O (dodecahydrate) |
Molar mass: | 237.143 g/mol (anhydrous) 453.321 g/mol (dodecahydrate) |
Density: | 2.45 g/cm3 (anhydrous) 1.645 g/cm3 (dodecahydrate) |
Crystal system: | hexagonal (anhydrous) a=4.724 Å, b=4.724 Å, c=8.225 Åα=90°, β=90°, γ=120° cubic (dodecahydrate) a=12.248 Å, b=12.248 Å, c=12.248 Åα=90°, β=90°, γ=90° |
Shapes: |
|
Color: | colorless white |
Melting point: | 93.5 °C366.65 K <br />200.3 °F <br />659.97 °R <br /> (dodecahydrate) |
Boiling point: | 120 °C393.15 K <br />248 °F <br />707.67 °R <br /> (dodecahydrate) |
Refractive index: | 1.572 (anhydrous) 1.459 (dodecahydrate) |
Stability: | stable (dodecahydrate) hygroscopic (anhydrous) |
Hardness: | fragile (1.5 on Moh's scale) |
Toxicity: | non-toxic |
Description
Inorganic compound, double salt of transitional metal aluminum, ammonium ion and inorganic sulfuric acid. From water solutions crystallizes as dodecahydrate.
Minerals
Occurs in nature as tschermigite and godovikovite minerals.
Precursors
Reaction between aluminum and ammonium sulfates
Chemical equation:
100.00
g of aluminum-ammonium sulfate dodecahydrate
а 73.50
g of aluminum sulfate octadecahydrate
and 14.57
g of ammonium sulfate is required.Dissolve compounds in hot water apart and then mix solutions into one container with intense stirring. Cooling or evaporation of a solution will cause double salt crystallyzation.
Reaction between pure aluminum, ammonium nitrate and sulfuric acid
Chemical equation:
100.00
g of aluminum-ammonium sulfate dodecahydrate
а 5.95
g of aluminum, 17.66
g of ammonium nitrate and 116.95
g of 37%
sulfuric acid is required.Add acid to the flask, then add small parts of aluminum compound with stirring until it will totally dissolve . After reaction will stop, filter the solution and use it for crystal growing.
Reaction between aluminum nitrate or chloride and ammonium sulfate
Chemical equation:
100.00
g of aluminum-ammonium sulfate dodecahydrate
а 82.75
g of aluminum nitrate nonahydrate
or 53.26
g of aluminum chloride hexahydrate
and 58.30
g of ammonium sulfate is required.Dissolve compounds in hot water apart and then mix solutions into one container with intense stirring. Cooling or evaporation of a solution will cause double salt crystallyzation. Filter precipitate and wash it wish small amount of ethanol, then filter the solution and use it for crystal growing.
Reaction between aluminum sulfate and nitrate or ammonium chloride
Chemical equation:
100.00
g of aluminum-ammonium sulfate dodecahydrate
а 98.00
g of aluminum sulfate octadecahydrate
and 17.66
g of ammonium nitrate or 11.80
g of ammonium chloride is required.Dissolve compounds in hot water apart and then mix solutions into one container with intense stirring. Cooling or evaporation of a solution will cause double salt crystallyzation. Filter precipitate and wash it wish small amount of ethanol, then filter the solution and use it for crystal growing.
Reaction between ammonia, aluminum hydroxide and sulfuric acid
Chemical equation:
100.00
g of aluminum-ammonium sulfate dodecahydrate
а 30.92
g of 25%
ammonia, 17.21
g of aluminum hydroxide and 116.95
g of 37%
sulfuric acid is required.Add acid to the flask, then add small parts of ammonium and aluminum compound with stirring until it will totally dissolve or, if you use carbonate, until carbon dioxide emission will stop. After reaction will stop, filter the solution and use it for crystal growing.
Influence of impurities
-
Impurities impact on the crystal shapeCategory:Alums, Tomruen, WikimediaWikimedia
Storage conditions
Store in its original form or under several layers of varnish at average humidity and room temperature. Do not store in matchboxes or cotton wool and do not heat.
Solubility
Temperature | гр/100,00 гр water |
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0°C273.15 K <br />32 °F <br />491.67 °R <br /> | 2.4 |
10°C283.15 K <br />50 °F <br />509.67 °R <br /> | 4.99 |
20°C293.15 K <br />68 °F <br />527.67 °R <br /> | 7.74 |
25°C298.15 K <br />77 °F <br />536.67 °R <br /> | 9.19 |
30°C303.15 K <br />86 °F <br />545.67 °R <br /> | 10.94 |
40°C313.15 K <br />104 °F <br />563.67 °R <br /> | 14.88 |
50°C323.15 K <br />122 °F <br />581.67 °R <br /> | 20.1 |
60°C333.15 K <br />140 °F <br />599.67 °R <br /> | 26.7 |
70°C343.15 K <br />158 °F <br />617.67 °R <br /> | 37.7 |
80°C353.15 K <br />176 °F <br />635.67 °R <br /> | 53.9 |
90°C363.15 K <br />194 °F <br />653.67 °R <br /> | 98.2 |
100°C373.15 K <br />212 °F <br />671.67 °R <br /> | 121.0 |
Gallery
Video
Sources
Aluminum compounds | |
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Simple |
Aluminum sulfate (Al2(SO4)3) • Aluminum-ammonium sulfate (NH4Al(SO4)2) • Aluminum-potassium sulfate (KAl(SO4)2) |
Complex |