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Nickel-potassium sulfate

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   Nickel-potassium sulfate   
Names: nickel potassium sulfate
nickel Tutton's salt
potassium nickel schoenite
potassium nickelous sulfate
KNiSH
KNSH
Formula: K2Ni(SO4)2 (anhydrous)
K2Ni(SO4)2 · 6H2O (hexahydrate)
Molar mass: 329.011 g/mol (anhydrous)
437.100 g/mol (hexahydrate)
Density: 2.124 g/cm3 (hexahydrate)
Crystal system: monoclinic (hexahydrate)
a=6.1368 Å, b=12.1904 Å, c=9.0049 Åα=90°, β=105.047°, γ=90°
Shapes:
https://en.crystalls.info/w/uploads/media/d/d0/Truncated_deformed_oblique_hexagonal_prism.json
Truncated deformed oblique hexagonal prism
https://en.crystalls.info/w/uploads/media/9/9a/Truncated_deformed_hexagonal_prism.json
Truncated deformed hexagonal prism

Color: green
blue-green
Refractive index: 1.4916 (hexahydrate)
Optical properties: pleochroism
Stability: stable (hexahydrate)

Description

Inorganic compound, double salt of transitional metal nickel, alkaline metal potassium and inorganic sulfuric acid. From water solutions crystallizes as hexahydrate.

Minerals

Occurs in nature as nickelpicromerite mineral.

Precursors

Reaction between nickel and potassium sulfates

Chemical equation:

K2SO4 + NiSO4 = K2Ni(SO4)2↓


For preparation of 100.00g of nickel-potassium sulfate hexahydrate а 64.25g of nickel sulfate heptahydrate and 39.87g of potassium sulfate is required.

Dissolve compounds in hot water apart and then mix solutions into one container with intense stirring. Cooling or evaporation of a solution will cause double salt crystallyzation. Filter precipitate and wash it wish small amount of ethanol or acetone, then filter the solution and use it for crystal growing.

Influence of impurities

Excess of one of sulfates leads to changing a shape of the final crystal. Excess of potassium sulfate makes crystals cloudy/opaque. Small addition of zinc-potassium sulfate or magnesium-potassium sulfate changes crystal color to a lighter one. Compound could be mixed with Tutton's salts in any proportion, producing crystals with different colors and sometimes shapes. It is also possible to cover crystals with a layer of other Tutton's salt, e.g. by placing the crystal into s saturated solution of other salt, producing a crystal-in-crystal.

Influence of pH level

Addition of surfactants has a positive influence on crystal shape and transparency. For example, addition of soap containing sodium lauryl sulfate makes crystal transparent and sharp-edged. Same effect can be achieved by addition of baking soda (~1g of per 100g of solution) - a precipitate containing impurities is formed (e.g. iron salts), solution should be left intact for a while, and then filtered.

Storage conditions

Keep in its original form or under several layers of varnish at average humidity and room temperature. Do not keep crystals near heaters.

Solubility

Temperatureg/100,00 g water
(anhydrous)(hexahydrate)
0°C273.15 K <br />32 °F <br />491.67 °R <br />5.37
75°C348.15 K <br />167 °F <br />626.67 °R <br />45.860.8
Insoluble in ethanol and acetone.



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   Sulfates
Simple

Aluminum sulfate (Al2(SO4)3) • Ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4) • Calcium sulfate (CaSO4) • Cadmium sulfate (CdSO4) • Cerium(III) sulfate (Ce2(SO4)3) • Cerium(IV) sulfate (Ce(SO4)2) • Chromium(III) sulfate (Cr2(SO4)3) • Cobalt(II) sulfate (CoSO4) • Copper(II) sulfate (CuSO4) • Gadolinium sulfate (Gd2(SO4)3) • Holmium sulfate (Ho2(SO4)3) • Hydrazine sulfate (N2H4 · H2SO4) • Iron(II) sulfate (FeSO4) • Iron(III) sulfate (Fe2(SO4)3) • Lanthanum sulfate (La2(SO4)3) • Lithium sulfate (Li2SO4) • Magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) • Manganese(II) sulfate (MnSO4) • Neodymium sulfate (Nd2(SO4)3) • Nickel sulfate (NiSO4) • Potassium sulfate (K2SO4) • Praseodymium(III) sulfate (Pr2(SO4)3) • Rubidium sulfate (Rb2SO4) • Sodium hydrosulfate (NaHSO4) • Sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) • Yttrium sulfate (Gd2(SO4)3) • Zinc sulfate (ZnSO4)

Alums

Aluminum-ammonium sulfate (NH4Al(SO4)2) • Aluminum-potassium sulfate (KAl(SO4)2) • Chromium(III)-ammonium sulfate (NH4Cr(SO4)2) • Chromium(III)-potassium sulfate (KCr(SO4)2) • Cobalt(III)-ammonium sulfate (NH4Co(SO4)2) • Indium(III)-potassium sulfate (KIn(SO4)2) • Iron(III)-ammonium sulfate (NH4Fe(SO4)2) • Iron(III)-potassium sulfate (KFe(SO4)2) • Manganese(III)-ammonium sulfate (NH4Mn(SO4)2) • Vanadium(III)-ammonium sulfate (NH4V(SO4)2)

Tutton's salts

Chromium(II)-ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2Cr(SO4)2) • Cobalt(II)-ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2Co(SO4)2) • Cobalt(II)-potassium sulfate (K2Co(SO4)2) • Copper(II)-ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2Cu(SO4)2) • Copper(II)-potassium sulfate (K2Cu(SO4)2) • Iron(II)-ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2Fe(SO4)2) • Iron(II)-potassium sulfate (K2Fe(SO4)2) • Magnesium-ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2Mg(SO4)2) • Magnesium-potassium sulfate (K2Mg(SO4)2) • Magnesium-potassium sulfate-chromate (K2CrO4 · MgSO4) • Manganese(II)-ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2Mn(SO4)2) • Manganese(II)-potassium sulfate (K2Mn(SO4)2) • Nickel-ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2Ni(SO4)2) • Nickel-potassium sulfate (K2Ni(SO4)2) • Vanadium(II)-ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2V(SO4)2) • Zinc-ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2Zn(SO4)2) • Zinc-potassium sulfate (K2Zn(SO4)2)

Double salts

Copper(II)-iron(II) sulfate ((Cu,Fe)SO4) • Iron(II)-magnesium sulfate ((Fe,Mg)SO4) • Lithium-potassium sulfate (KLiSO4) • Sodium-ammonium sulfate (NaNH4SO4) • Zinc-sodium sulfate (Na2Zn(SO4)2)

Adducts

Triglycine sulfate ((NH2CH2COOH)3 · H2SO4) • Glutamic acid sulfate (C5H9NO4 · H2SO4)

Complexes

Cerium(III) sulfocerate(IV) (Ce4[Ce(SO4)4]3) • Glycinecopper(II) sulfate ([Cu(NH2CH2COOH)]SO4) • Hexakarbamatzinc sulfate ([(CON2H4)6Zn]SO4) • Tetraamminecopper(II) sulfate ([Cu(NH3)4]SO4) • Tris(hydroxymethil)methanoaminecopper(II) sulfate ([Cu(NH2C(CH2OH)3)4]SO4)



   Potassium compounds
Salts

Potassium bromate (KBrO3) • Potassium bromide (KBr) • Potassium chlorate (KClO3) • Potassium chloride (KCl) • Potassium chromate (K2CrO4) • Potassium dihydrophosphate (KH2PO4) • Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) • Potassium iodide (KI) • Potassium hydrofluoride (KHF2) • Potassium hydrophosphate (K2HPO4) • Potassium hydrogen phthalate (KC8H6O4) • Potassium metavanadate (KVO3) • Potassium nitrate (KNO3) • Potassium sulfate (K2SO4) • Potassium thiocyanate (KNCS)

Double salts

Aluminum-potassium sulfate (KAl(SO4)2) • Antimony(III)-potassium tartrate (K2Sb2(C4H2O6)2) • Chromium(III)-potassium sulfate (KCr(SO4)2) • Cobalt(II)-potassium sulfate (K2Co(SO4)2) • Copper(II)-potassium sulfate (K2Cu(SO4)2) • Indium(III)-potassium sulfate (KIn(SO4)2) • Iron(II)-potassium sulfate (K2Fe(SO4)2) • Iron(III)-potassium sulfate (KFe(SO4)2) • Lithium-potassium sulfate (KLiSO4) • Magnesium-potassium sulfate (K2Mg(SO4)2) • Magnesium-potassium sulfate-chromate (K2CrO4 · MgSO4) • Manganese(II)-potassium sulfate (K2Mn(SO4)2) • Nickel-potassium sulfate (K2Ni(SO4)2) • Potassium-sodium tartrate (KNaC4H4O6) • Vanadium(III)-ammonium sulfate (NH4V(SO4)2) • Zinc-potassium sulfate (K2Zn(SO4)2)

Complexes

Potassium dioxalatocuprate(II) (K2[Cu(C2O4)2]) • Potassium hexanitrocobaltate(III) (K3[Co(NO2)6]) • Potassium hexachlororhodiate(III) (K3[RhCl6]) • Potassium hexacyanocobaltate(III) (K3[Co(CN)6]) • Potassium hexacyanoferrate(II) (K4[Fe(CN)6]) • Tripotassium-sodium hexacyanoferrate(II) (K3Na[Fe(CN)6]) • Potassium hexacyanoferrate(III) (K3[Fe(CN)6]) • Potassium hexacyanochromate(III) (K3[Co(CN)6]) • Potassium tetraiodobismuthate (К[BiI4]) • Potassium tetraiodomercurate(II) (K2[HgI4]) • Potassium trioxalatoaluminate (K3[Al(C2O4)3]) • Potassium trioxalatocobaltate(III) (K3[Co(C2O4)3]) Potassium trioxalatoferrate(III) (K3[Fe(C2O4)3]) • Potassium-sodium trioxalatoferrate(III) (K5Na[Fe(C2O4)3]2) • Dipotassium-sodium trioxalatoferrate(III) (K2Na[Fe(C2O4)3]) • Potassium trioxalatochromate(III) (K3[Cr(C2O4)3])


   Nickel compounds
Salts

Nickel (Ni) • Nickel acetate (Ni(CH3COO)2) • Nickel nitrate (Ni(NO3)2) • Nickel sulfate (NiSO4) • Nickel tartrate (NiC4H4O6)

Double salts

Nickel-ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2Ni(SO4)2) • Nickel-potassium sulfate (K2Ni(SO4)2)

Complexes

Hexaamminenickel chloride ([Ni(NH3)6]Cl2) • Tris(ethylenediamine)nickel(II) oxalate ([Ni(H2NCH2CH2NH2)3]C2O4)

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