Sodium hydrocarbonate

Sodium hydrocarbonate ;
Names:	sodium hydrocarbonate; sodium bicarbonate; bicarbonate of soda; baking soda; bread soda; cooking soda; Е500 food additive;
Formula:	NaHCO3;
Molar mass:	84.006 g/mol;
Density:	2.159 g/cm3;
Crystal system:	monoclinic; a=7.475 Å, b=9.686 Å, c=3.481 Åα=90°, β=93.38°, γ=90°;
Shapes:	https://en.crystalls.info/w/uploads/media/5/52/Needle.json Needle https://en.crystalls.info/w/uploads/media/f/fc/Spherolit.json Spherolit ;
Color:	white; colorless;
Decomposition point:	60 °C333.15 K <br />140 °F <br />599.67 °R <br />;
Refractive index:	1.377 (α direction); 1.501 (β direction); 1.583 (γ direction);
Magnetic properties:	diamagnetic;
Hardness:	very fragile;
Toxicity:	non-toxic; LD50=4220mg/kg

Description

Inorganic compound, acidic salt of alkaline metal sodium and inorganic carbonic acid. Doesn't form water hydrates.

Where to buy

Can be bought in grocery store (as "baking soda").

Precursors

Reaction between sodium carbonate or hydroxide and excess of carbon dioxide

Chemical equation:

Na₂CO₃ + CO₂ + H₂O = 2NaHCO₃

NaOH + CO₂ = NaHCO₃

For preparation of 100.00g of sodium hydrocarbonate а 63.08g of carbonate or 47.61g of sodium hydroxide and 26.19g of carbon dioxide is required.

Place to the flask with carbonate or hydroxide sodium solution an end of connecting tube and pass small portions carbon dioxide through it. After reaction will stop, filter the solution and use it for crystal growing.

However, the cost of reagents is much higher than the market price of the resulting material, so its production is not economically feasible..

Notes

Almost doesn`t grow as single crystals.

Storage conditions

Keep in its original form or under several layers of varnish at average humidity and room temperature. Do not keep crystals near heaters.

Solubility

TableGraph

Temperature	g/`100,00` g water	g/`100,00` g ethanol 40%	g/`100,00` g methanol	g/`100,00` g acetone	g/`100,00` g glycerol
0°C273.15 K <br />32 °F <br />491.67 °R <br />	`6.9`
10°C283.15 K <br />50 °F <br />509.67 °R <br />	`8.2`
20°C293.15 K <br />68 °F <br />527.67 °R <br />	`9.6`	`1.2`	`~2.17`	`0.02`	`7.86`
30°C303.15 K <br />86 °F <br />545.67 °R <br />	`11.1`
40°C313.15 K <br />104 °F <br />563.67 °R <br />	`12.7`
50°C323.15 K <br />122 °F <br />581.67 °R <br />	`14.5`
60°C333.15 K <br />140 °F <br />599.67 °R <br />	`16.5`

Insoluble in ethyl acetate and methyl acetate.

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Carbonates
Salts	Calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) • Magnesium hydrocarbonate (Mg(HCO₃)₂) • Sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃) • Sodium hydrocarbonate (NaHCO₃)
Complexes	Sodium dicarbonatocuprate(II) (Na₂[Cu(CO₃)₂])

Sodium compounds
Salts	Sodium acetate (NaCH₃COO) • Sodium bromide (NaBr) • Sodium citrate (Na₃C₃H₅O(COO)₃) • Sodium chlorate (NaClO₃) • Sodium chloride (NaCl) • Sodium cyclamate (C₆H₁₂NNaO₃S) • Sodium decavanadate (Na₆V₁₀O₂₈) • Sodium ethilate (NaC₂H₅O) • Sodium glutamate (NaC₅H₈NO₄) • Sodium hydrocarbonate (NaHCO₃) • Sodium hydrosulfate (NaHSO₄) • Sodium iodide (NaI) • Sodium metavanadate (NaVO₃) • Sodium niobate (NaNbO₃) • Sodium nitrate (NaNO₃) • Sodium oxalate (Na₂C₂O₄) • Sodium para-aminosalicylate (C₇H₆NNaO₃) • Sodium perchlorate (NaClO₄) • Sodium saccharinate (C₇H₄NaNO₃S) • Sodium sulfate (Na₂SO₄) • Sodium sulfide (Na₂S) • Sodium tetraborate (Na₂B₄O₇) • Sodium thiosulfate (Na₂S₂O₃) • Sodium trichloracetate (NaCCl₃COO) • Sodium trioxalatoaluminate (Na₃[Al(C₂O₄)₃]) • Sodium tungstate (Na₂WO₄)
Double salts	Potassium-sodium tartrate (KNaC₄H₄O₆) • Sodium-ammonium sulfate (NaNH₄SO₄) • Uranyl-sodium acetate (NaUО2(CH₃COO)₃) • Uranyl-zinc-sodium acetate (NaZn(UO₂)₃(CH₃COO)₉) • Zinc-sodium sulfate (Na₂Zn(SO₄)₂)
Adducts	Glucose and sodium bromide complex (2C₆H₁₂O₆ · NaBr) • Glucose and sodium chloride complex (2C₆H₁₂O₆ · NaCl) • Urea and sodium chloride complex (CO(NH₄)₂ · NaCl)
Complex compounds	Sodium dicarbonatocuprate(II) (Na₂[Cu(CO₃)₂]) • Sodium dioxalatocuprate(II) (Na₂[Cu(C₂O₄)₂]) • Sodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate-ferrate(III) (Na[Fe((OOCCH₂)₂N(CH₂)₂N(CH₂COO)₂)]) • Sodium hexacyanoferrate(II) (Na₄[Fe(CN)₆]) • Tripotassium-sodium hexacyanoferrate(II) (K₃Na[Fe(CN)₆]) • Sodium hexafluorosilicate (Na₂[SiF₆]) • Sodium nitroprusside (Na₂[Fe(CN)₅NO]) • Sodium trioxalatochromate(III) (Ns₃[Cr(C₂O₄)₃]) • Dipotassium-sodium trioxalatoferrate(III) (K₂Na[Fe(C₂O₄)₃]) • Potassium-sodium trioxalatoferrate(III) (K₅Na[Fe(C₂O₄)₃]₂) • Sodium trioxalatoferrate(III) (Na₃[Fe(C₂O₄)₃])

Sodium hydrocarbonate
Names:	sodium hydrocarbonate sodium bicarbonate bicarbonate of soda baking soda bread soda cooking soda Е500 food additive
Formula:	NaHCO₃
Molar mass:	84.006 g/mol
Density:	2.159 g/cm³
Crystal system:	monoclinic a=7.475 Å, b=9.686 Å, c=3.481 Åα=90°, β=93.38°, γ=90°
Shapes:	Needle Spherolit
Color:	white colorless
Decomposition point:	60 °C333.15 K <br />140 °F <br />599.67 °R <br />
Refractive index:	1.377 (α direction) 1.501 (β direction) 1.583 (γ direction)
Magnetic properties:	diamagnetic
Hardness:	very fragile
Toxicity:	non-toxic LD₅₀=4220mg/kg