Ammonium sulfate

Ammonium sulfate ;
Names:	sulfate ammonium; diammonium sulfate; actamaster; Е517 food additive;
Formula:	(NH4)2SO4;
Molar mass:	132.139 g/mol;
Density:	1.769 g/cm3;
Crystal system:	orthorhombic (α); a=7.924 Å, b=10.526 Å, c=5.953 Åα=90°, β=90°, γ=90°; orthorhombic (β); a=7.782 Å, b=10.636 Å, c=5.993 Åα=90°, β=90°, γ=90°;
Shapes:	https://en.crystalls.info/w/uploads/media/6/6b/Prolongated_hexagonal_prism.json Prolongated hexagonal prism https://en.crystalls.info/w/uploads/media/2/28/Prolongated_tetragonal_pyramidal_prism.json Prolongated tetragonal pyramidal prism https://en.crystalls.info/w/uploads/media/a/af/Tetragonal_prism.json Tetragonal prism https://en.crystalls.info/w/uploads/media/4/48/Prolongated_rhombic_prism.json Prolongated rhombic prism https://en.crystalls.info/w/uploads/media/c/ce/Hexagonal_pedion.json Hexagonal pedion https://en.crystalls.info/w/uploads/media/c/c4/Hexagonal_bipyramid.json Hexagonal bipyramid ;
Color:	colorless;
Melting point:	218 °C491.15 K <br />424.4 °F <br />884.07 °R <br />;
Decomposition point:	235 °C508.15 K <br />455 °F <br />914.67 °R <br /> (anhydrous); -93 °C180.15 K <br />-135.4 °F <br />324.27 °R <br /> (α);
Refractive index:	1.521 ;
Magnetic properties:	diamagnetic; χ=-6.70 · 10-5cm³/mol;
Stability:	stable;
Hardness:	relatively strong; (2 on Moh's scale);
Toxicity:	non-toxic; LD50=2840mg/kg

Description

Inorganic compound, salt of ammonium ion and inorganic sulfuric acid. Doesn't form water hydrates.

Where to buy

Can be bought in fertilizers store (as "Ammonium sulfate").

Precursors

Reaction between ammonia and sulfuric acid

Chemical equation:

H₂SO₄ + 2NH₄OH = (NH₄)₂SO₄ + 2H₂O

For preparation of 100.00g of ammonium sulfate а 212.18g of

25%25%
10%

ammonia and 200.60g of 37%37% sulfuric acid is required.

Add acid to the flask, then add small parts of ammonium compound with stirring until heating will stop (attention, the solution may boil!) . After reaction will stop, filter the solution and use it for crystal growing.

Reaction between ammonium chloride or nitrate and sulfuric acid

Chemical equation:

H₂SO₄ + 2NH₄Cl = (NH₄)₂SO₄ + 2HCl↑

H₂SO₄ + 2NH₄NO₃ = (NH₄)₂SO₄ + 2HNO₃↑

For preparation of 100.00g of ammonium sulfate а 80.96g of ammonium chloride or 121.15g of nitrate and 200.60g of 37%37% sulfuric acid is required.

Add to the flask acid and then add small parts of hot acid solution with heating and stirring. Emission of large amount of gas will begin.Attention, exuding gas irritates eyes and lungs! The synthesis should be carried out only in a fume hood or outdoors! After reaction will stop, filter the solution and use it for crystal growing.

Storage conditions

Store in its original form or under several layers of varnish at average humidity and room temperature. Do not store in matchboxes or cotton wool and do not heat.

Solubility

TableGraph

Temperature	гр/`100,00` гр water	гр/`100,00` гр formic acid 95%
0°C273.15 K <br />32 °F <br />491.67 °R <br />	`70.1`
10°C283.15 K <br />50 °F <br />509.67 °R <br />	`72.7`
15°C288.15 K <br />59 °F <br />518.67 °R <br />		`25.4`
20°C293.15 K <br />68 °F <br />527.67 °R <br />	`75.4`
25°C298.15 K <br />77 °F <br />536.67 °R <br />	`76.9`
30°C303.15 K <br />86 °F <br />545.67 °R <br />	`78.1`
40°C313.15 K <br />104 °F <br />563.67 °R <br />	`81.2`
50°C323.15 K <br />122 °F <br />581.67 °R <br />	`84.3`
60°C333.15 K <br />140 °F <br />599.67 °R <br />	`87.4`
80°C353.15 K <br />176 °F <br />635.67 °R <br />	`94.1`
100°C373.15 K <br />212 °F <br />671.67 °R <br />	`102`

Insoluble in ethanol, acetone and diethyl ether.

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Sulfates
Simple	Aluminum sulfate (Al₂(SO₄)₃) • Ammonium sulfate ((NH₄)₂SO₄) • Calcium sulfate (CaSO₄) • Cadmium sulfate (CdSO₄) • Cerium(III) sulfate (Ce₂(SO₄)₃) • Cerium(IV) sulfate (Ce(SO₄)₂) • Chromium(III) sulfate (Cr₂(SO₄)₃) • Cobalt(II) sulfate (CoSO₄) • Copper(II) sulfate (CuSO₄) • Gadolinium sulfate (Gd₂(SO₄)₃) • Holmium sulfate (Ho₂(SO₄)₃) • Hydrazine sulfate (N₂H₄ · H₂SO₄) • Iron(II) sulfate (FeSO₄) • Iron(III) sulfate (Fe₂(SO₄)₃) • Lanthanum sulfate (La₂(SO₄)₃) • Lithium sulfate (Li₂SO₄) • Magnesium sulfate (MgSO₄) • Manganese(II) sulfate (MnSO₄) • Neodymium sulfate (Nd₂(SO₄)₃) • Nickel sulfate (NiSO₄) • Potassium sulfate (K₂SO₄) • Praseodymium(III) sulfate (Pr₂(SO₄)₃) • Rubidium sulfate (Rb₂SO₄) • Sodium hydrosulfate (NaHSO₄) • Sodium sulfate (Na₂SO₄) • Yttrium sulfate (Gd₂(SO₄)₃) • Zinc sulfate (ZnSO₄)
Alums	Aluminum-ammonium sulfate (NH₄Al(SO₄)₂) • Aluminum-potassium sulfate (KAl(SO₄)₂) • Chromium(III)-ammonium sulfate (NH₄Cr(SO₄)₂) • Chromium(III)-potassium sulfate (KCr(SO₄)₂) • Cobalt(III)-ammonium sulfate (NH₄Co(SO₄)₂) • Indium(III)-potassium sulfate (KIn(SO₄)₂) • Iron(III)-ammonium sulfate (NH₄Fe(SO₄)₂) • Iron(III)-potassium sulfate (KFe(SO₄)₂) • Manganese(III)-ammonium sulfate (NH₄Mn(SO₄)₂) • Vanadium(III)-ammonium sulfate (NH₄V(SO₄)₂)
Tutton's salts	Chromium(II)-ammonium sulfate ((NH₄)₂Cr(SO₄)₂) • Cobalt(II)-ammonium sulfate ((NH₄)₂Co(SO₄)₂) • Cobalt(II)-potassium sulfate (K₂Co(SO₄)₂) • Copper(II)-ammonium sulfate ((NH₄)₂Cu(SO₄)₂) • Copper(II)-potassium sulfate (K₂Cu(SO₄)₂) • Iron(II)-ammonium sulfate ((NH₄)₂Fe(SO₄)₂) • Iron(II)-potassium sulfate (K₂Fe(SO₄)₂) • Magnesium-ammonium sulfate ((NH₄)₂Mg(SO₄)₂) • Magnesium-potassium sulfate (K₂Mg(SO₄)₂) • Magnesium-potassium sulfate-chromate (K₂CrO₄ · MgSO₄) • Manganese(II)-ammonium sulfate ((NH₄)₂Mn(SO₄)₂) • Manganese(II)-potassium sulfate (K₂Mn(SO₄)₂) • Nickel-ammonium sulfate ((NH₄)₂Ni(SO₄)₂) • Nickel-potassium sulfate (K₂Ni(SO₄)₂) • Vanadium(II)-ammonium sulfate ((NH₄)₂V(SO₄)₂) • Zinc-ammonium sulfate ((NH₄)₂Zn(SO₄)₂) • Zinc-potassium sulfate (K₂Zn(SO₄)₂) •
Double salts	Copper(II)-iron(II) sulfate ((Cu,Fe)SO₄) • Iron(II)-magnesium sulfate ((Fe,Mg)SO₄) • Lithium-potassium sulfate (KLiSO₄) • Sodium-ammonium sulfate (NaNH₄SO₄) • Zinc-sodium sulfate (Na₂Zn(SO₄)₂) •
Adducts	Triglycine sulfate ((NH₂CH₂COOH)₃ · H₂SO₄) • Glutamic acid sulfate (C₅H₉NO₄ · H₂SO₄)
Complexes	Cerium(III) sulfocerate(IV) (Ce₄[Ce(SO₄)₄]₃) • Glycinecopper(II) sulfate ([Cu(NH₂CH₂COOH)]SO₄) • Hexakarbamatzinc sulfate ([(CON₂H₄)₆Zn]SO₄) • Tetraamminecopper(II) sulfate ([Cu(NH₃)₄]SO₄) • Tris(hydroxymethil)methanoaminecopper(II) sulfate ([Cu(NH₂C(CH₂OH)₃)₄]SO₄)

Ammonium compounds
Salts	Ammonium citrate ((NH₄)₃C₃H₅O(COO)₃) • Ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl) • Ammonium dichromate ((NH₄)₂Cr₂O₇) • Ammonium dihydrophosphate (NH₄H₂PO₄) • Ammonium nitrate (NH₄NO₃) • Ammonium perrhenate (NH₄ReO₄) • Ammonium sulfate ((NH₄)₂SO₄) • Ammonium succinate ((NH₄)₂C₄H₄O₄) • Ammonium tetraborate ((NH₄)₂B₄O₇) • Ammonium thiocyanate (NH₄NCS)
Double salts	Aluminum-ammonium sulfate (NH₄Al(SO₄)₂) • Calcium-ammonium nitrate (5Ca(NO₃)₂ · NH₄NO₃) • Chromium(II)-ammonium sulfate ((NH₄)₂Cr(SO₄)₂) • Chromium(III)-ammonium sulfate (NH₄Cr(SO₄)₂) • Cobalt(II)-ammonium sulfate ((NH₄)₂Co(SO₄)₂) • Cobalt(III)-ammonium sulfate (NH₄Co(SO₄)₂) • Copper(II)-ammonium sulfate ((NH₄)₂Cu(SO₄)₂) • Iron(II)-ammonium sulfate ((NH₄)₂Fe(SO₄)₂) • Iron(III)-ammonium sulfate (NH₄Fe(SO₄)₂) • Magnesium-ammonium sulfate ((NH₄)₂Mg(SO₄)₂) • Manganese(II)-ammonium sulfate ((NH₄)₂Mn(SO₄)₂) • Manganese(III)-ammonium sulfate (NH₄Mn(SO₄)₂) • Nickel-ammonium sulfate ((NH₄)₂Ni(SO₄)₂) • Sodium-ammonium sulfate (NaNH₄SO₄) • Vanadium(II)-ammonium sulfate ((NH₄)₂V(SO₄)₂) • Vanadium(III)-ammonium sulfate (NH₄V(SO₄)₂) • Zinc-ammonium sulfate ((NH₄)₂Zn(SO₄)₂)
Complexes	Ammines • Ammonium dioxalatocuprate(II) ((NH₄)₂[Cu(C₂O₄)₂]) • Ammonium pentachloroferrate(III) ((NH₄)₂[FeCl₅]) • Ammonium tetrachlorocuprate(II) ((NH₄)₂[CuCl₄]) • Ammonium trioxalatoferrate(III) ((NH₄)₃[Fe(C₂O₄)₃])

Ammonium sulfate
Names:	sulfate ammonium diammonium sulfate actamaster Е517 food additive
Formula:	(NH₄)₂SO₄
Molar mass:	132.139 g/mol
Density:	1.769 g/cm³
Crystal system:	orthorhombic (α) a=7.924 Å, b=10.526 Å, c=5.953 Åα=90°, β=90°, γ=90° orthorhombic (β) a=7.782 Å, b=10.636 Å, c=5.993 Åα=90°, β=90°, γ=90°
Shapes:	Prolongated hexagonal prism Prolongated tetragonal pyramidal prism Tetragonal prism Prolongated rhombic prism Hexagonal pedion Hexagonal bipyramid
Color:	colorless
Melting point:	218 °C491.15 K <br />424.4 °F <br />884.07 °R <br />
Decomposition point:	235 °C508.15 K <br />455 °F <br />914.67 °R <br /> (anhydrous) -93 °C180.15 K <br />-135.4 °F <br />324.27 °R <br /> (α)
Refractive index:	1.521
Magnetic properties:	diamagnetic χ=-6.70 · 10^-5cm³/mol
Stability:	stable
Hardness:	relatively strong (2 on Moh's scale)
Toxicity:	non-toxic LD₅₀=2840mg/kg