Ammonium nitrate

Ammonium nitrate ;
Names:	ammonium nitrate; ammonia nitrate PubChem: 22985; CAS: 6484-52-2; CAS: 54378-28-8; InChI Key: DVARTQFDIMZBAA-UHFFFAOYSA-O;
Formula:	NH4NO3;
SMILES:	[NH4+].[N+](=O)([O-])[O-];
Molar mass:	80.043 g/mol;
Density:	1.725 g/cm3;
Crystal system:	orthorhombic (α); a=7.9804 Å, b=8.0027 Å, c=9.8099 Åα=90°, β=90°, γ=90°; orthorhombic (β); a=4.9298 Å, b=5.7574 Å, c=5.4394 Åα=90°, β=90°, γ=90°; orthorhombic (γ); a=7.1624 Å, b=7.7184 Å, c=5.8447 Åα=90°, β=90°, γ=90°; tetragonal (δ); a=5.7193 Å, b=5.7193 Å, c=4.9326 Åα=90°, β=90°, γ=90°; cubic (ε); a=4.3655 Å, b=4.3655 Å, c=4.3655 Åα=90°, β=90°, γ=90°;
Shapes:	https://en.crystalls.info/w/uploads/media/3/36/Oblique_rhombic_prism.json Oblique rhombic prism https://en.crystalls.info/w/uploads/media/4/48/Prolongated_rhombic_prism.json Prolongated rhombic prism https://en.crystalls.info/w/uploads/media/1/12/Trapezoidal_flat_prism.json Trapezoidal flat prism https://en.crystalls.info/w/uploads/media/5/52/Needle.json Needle ;
Color:	colorless; white;
Melting point:	169.6 °C442.75 K <br />337.28 °F <br />796.95 °R <br />;
Decomposition point:	-16.8 °C256.35 K <br />1.76 °F <br />461.43 °R <br /> (α); 32.3 °C305.45 K <br />90.14 °F <br />549.81 °R <br /> (β); 84.2 °C357.35 K <br />183.56 °F <br />643.23 °R <br /> (γ); 125.2 °C398.35 K <br />257.36 °F <br />717.03 °R <br /> (δ); 210 °C483.15 K <br />410 °F <br />869.67 °R <br /> (anhydrous);
Optical properties:	birefringence;
Magnetic properties:	diamagnetic;
Stability:	slightly hygroscopic;
Hardness:	fragile;
Toxicity:	non-toxic; LD50=2085mg/kg

Description

Inorganic compound, salt of ammonium ion and inorganic nitric acid. Doesn't form water hydrates.

Where to buy

Can be bought in fertilizers store (as "Ammonium nitrate").

Add to the flask with calcium or lead nitrate solution small parts of ammonium salt solution and stir. The large amount of poorly soluble precipitate will form. Settle it out and discard, then filter the solution carefully.

Influence of temperature

Forms a plurality of different crystal structures, depending on the solution temperature.

Notes

Dissolving is endothermic, solution cools much, so use hot water or using heat.

Storage conditions

Store in its original form or under several layers of varnish at average humidity and room temperature. Do not store in matchboxes or cotton wool and do not heat.

Solubility

TableGraph

Temperature	гр/`100,00` гр water	гр/`100,00` гр ethanol	гр/`100,00` гр methanol	гр/`100,00` гр DMSO	гр/`100,00` гр pyridine	гр/`100,00` гр ammonia	гр/`100,00` гр hydrazine	гр/`100,00` гр dimethylformamide
0°C273.15 K <br />32 °F <br />491.67 °R <br />	`119`
10°C283.15 K <br />50 °F <br />509.67 °R <br />	`150`
15°C288.15 K <br />59 °F <br />518.67 °R <br />	`~171`
20°C293.15 K <br />68 °F <br />527.67 °R <br />	`192`	`2.5`	`17.1`				`78`
25°C298.15 K <br />77 °F <br />536.67 °R <br />	`212`	`~3.13`		`73`	`23.35`	`391`		`55.1`
30°C303.15 K <br />86 °F <br />545.67 °R <br />	`242`	`~3.75`
40°C313.15 K <br />104 °F <br />563.67 °R <br />	`297`	`5`
50°C323.15 K <br />122 °F <br />581.67 °R <br />	`346`	`~6.25`
60°C333.15 K <br />140 °F <br />599.67 °R <br />	`421`	`7.5`
70°C343.15 K <br />158 °F <br />617.67 °R <br />	`499`
80°C353.15 K <br />176 °F <br />635.67 °R <br />	`599`
90°C363.15 K <br />194 °F <br />653.67 °R <br />	`740`
100°C373.15 K <br />212 °F <br />671.67 °R <br />	`1024`

Soluble in acetone.

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Nitrates
Salts	Ammonium nitrate (NH₄NO₃) • Barium nitrate (Ba(NO₃)₂) • Bismuth(III) nitrate (BI(NO₃)₃) • Calcium nitrate (Ca(NO₃)₂) • Cesium nitrate (CsNO₃) • Cobalt(II) nitrate (Co(NO₃)₂) • Copper(II) nitrate (Cu(NO₃)₂) • Iron(II) nitrate (Fe(NO₃)₂) • Lead(II) nitrate (Pb(NO₃)₂) • Neodymium nitrate (Nd(NO₃)₃) • Nickel nitrate (Ni(NO₃)₂) • Potassium nitrate (KNO₃) • Silver(I) nitrate (AgNO₃) • Sodium nitrate (NaNO₃) • Strontium nitrate (Sr(NO₃)₂) • Uranyl nitrate (UO₂(NO₃)₂) • Zirconyl nitrate (ZrO(NO₃)₂)
Double salts	Calcium-ammonium nitrate (5Ca(NO₃)₂ · NH₄NO₃) • Cerium(IV)-ammomium nitrate (2NH₄NO₃ · Ce(NO₃)₄) • Cerium(III)-cobalt nitrate (3Co(NO₃)₂ · 2Ce(NO₃)₃) • Cerium(III)-cobalt-manganese nitrate (3(Co,Mn)(NO₃)₂ · 2Ce(NO₃)₃) • Cerium(III)-manganese nitrate (3Mn(NO₃)₂ · 2Ce(NO₃)₃)
Complexes	Bis-thetramethylethylenediaminecopper(II) nitrate ([Cu((H₃CNCH₃)₂C₄H₈)](NO₃)₂) • Nitratopentakis-karbamatbismuth(III) nitrate ([Bi(NO₃)(CO(NH₂)₂)₅](NO₃)₂) • Nitratopentakis-tiokarbamatbismuth(III) nitrate ([Bi(NO₃)(CS(NH₂)₂)₅](NO₃)₂)

Ammonium compounds
Salts	Ammonium citrate ((NH₄)₃C₃H₅O(COO)₃) • Ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl) • Ammonium dichromate ((NH₄)₂Cr₂O₇) • Ammonium dihydrophosphate (NH₄H₂PO₄) • Ammonium nitrate (NH₄NO₃) • Ammonium perrhenate (NH₄ReO₄) • Ammonium sulfate ((NH₄)₂SO₄) • Ammonium succinate ((NH₄)₂C₄H₄O₄) • Ammonium tetraborate ((NH₄)₂B₄O₇) • Ammonium thiocyanate (NH₄NCS)
Double salts	Aluminum-ammonium sulfate (NH₄Al(SO₄)₂) • Calcium-ammonium nitrate (5Ca(NO₃)₂ · NH₄NO₃) • Chromium(III)-ammonium sulfate (NH₄Cr(SO₄)₂) • Cobalt(II)-ammonium sulfate ((NH₄)₂Co(SO₄)₂) • Copper(II)-ammonium sulfate ((NH₄)₂Cu(SO₄)₂) • Iron(II)-ammonium sulfate ((NH₄)₂Fe(SO₄)₂) • Iron(III)-ammonium sulfate (NH₄Fe(SO₄)₂) • Magnesium-ammonium sulfate ((NH₄)₂Mg(SO₄)₂) • Manganese(II)-ammonium sulfate ((NH₄)₂Mn(SO₄)₂) • Nickel-ammonium sulfate ((NH₄)₂Ni(SO₄)₂) • Sodium-ammonium sulfate (NaNH₄SO₄) • Vanadium(III)-ammonium sulfate (NH₄V(SO₄)₂) • Zinc-ammonium sulfate ((NH₄)₂Zn(SO₄)₂)
Complexes	Ammines • Ammonium dioxalatocuprate(II) ((NH₄)₂[Cu(C₂O₄)₂]) • Ammonium pentachloroferrate(III) ((NH₄)₂[FeCl₅]) • Ammonium tetrachlorocuprate(II) ((NH₄)₂[CuCl₄]) • Ammonium trioxalatoferrate(III) ((NH₄)₃[Fe(C₂O₄)₃])

Ammonium nitrate
Names:	ammonium nitrate ammonia nitrate PubChem: 22985 CAS: 6484-52-2 CAS: 54378-28-8 InChI Key: DVARTQFDIMZBAA-UHFFFAOYSA-O
Formula:	NH₄NO₃
SMILES:	[NH4+].[N+](=O)([O-])[O-]
Molar mass:	80.043 g/mol
Density:	1.725 g/cm³
Crystal system:	orthorhombic (α) a=7.9804 Å, b=8.0027 Å, c=9.8099 Åα=90°, β=90°, γ=90° orthorhombic (β) a=4.9298 Å, b=5.7574 Å, c=5.4394 Åα=90°, β=90°, γ=90° orthorhombic (γ) a=7.1624 Å, b=7.7184 Å, c=5.8447 Åα=90°, β=90°, γ=90° tetragonal (δ) a=5.7193 Å, b=5.7193 Å, c=4.9326 Åα=90°, β=90°, γ=90° cubic (ε) a=4.3655 Å, b=4.3655 Å, c=4.3655 Åα=90°, β=90°, γ=90°
Shapes:	Oblique rhombic prism Prolongated rhombic prism Trapezoidal flat prism Needle
Color:	colorless white
Melting point:	169.6 °C442.75 K <br />337.28 °F <br />796.95 °R <br />
Decomposition point:	-16.8 °C256.35 K <br />1.76 °F <br />461.43 °R <br /> (α) 32.3 °C305.45 K <br />90.14 °F <br />549.81 °R <br /> (β) 84.2 °C357.35 K <br />183.56 °F <br />643.23 °R <br /> (γ) 125.2 °C398.35 K <br />257.36 °F <br />717.03 °R <br /> (δ) 210 °C483.15 K <br />410 °F <br />869.67 °R <br /> (anhydrous)
Optical properties:	birefringence
Magnetic properties:	diamagnetic
Stability:	slightly hygroscopic
Hardness:	fragile
Toxicity:	non-toxic LD₅₀=2085mg/kg

Ammonium nitrate

Description

Where to buy

Precursors

Reaction between ammonia and nitric acid

Reaction between calcium or lead(II) nitrate and ammonium hydroxide or sulfate