Manganese(II) sulfate

Manganese(II) sulfate ;
Names:	manganese sulfate; manganese(II) sulfate; manganese vitriol; white vitriol;
Formula:	MnSO4 (anhydrous); MnSO4 · H2O (monohydrate); MnSO4 · 4H2O (tetrahydrate); MnSO4 · 5H2O (pentahydrate); MnSO4 · 7H2O (heptahydrate);
Molar mass:	150.999 g/mol (anhydrous); 169.014 g/mol (monohydrate); 223.059 g/mol (tetrahydrate); 241.073 g/mol (pentahydrate); 277.103 g/mol (heptahydrate);
Density:	2.09 g/cm3 (heptahydrate); 2.103 g/cm3 (pentahydrate); 2.107 g/cm3 (tetrahydrate); 2.95 g/cm3 (monohydrate); 3.25 g/cm3 (anhydrous);
Crystal system:	triclinic (heptahydrate); triclinic (pentahydrate); a=6.37 Å, b=10.77 Å, c=6.13 Åα=98.8°, β=109.9°, γ=77.8°; monoclinic (tetrahydrate); a=5.9783 Å, b=13.809 Å, c=8.0481 Åα=90°, β=90.8°, γ=90°; monoclinic (monohydrate); a=7.764 Å, b=7.663 Å, c=7.124 Åα=90°, β=115.85°, γ=90°; rhombic"rhombic" is not in the list (monoclinic, triclinic, rhombohedral, tetragonal, orthorhombic, cubic, hexagonal) of allowed values for the "Crystal/Cell/System" property. (anhydrous); a=5.267 Å, b=8.046 Å, c=6.848 Å;
Shapes:	https://en.crystalls.info/w/uploads/media/9/9a/Truncated_deformed_hexagonal_prism.json Truncated deformed hexagonal prism https://en.crystalls.info/w/uploads/media/b/bc/Rhombic_prism.json Rhombic prism https://en.crystalls.info/w/uploads/media/5/51/Rhombic_pedion.json Rhombic pedion https://en.crystalls.info/w/uploads/media/f/ff/Parallelogram.json Parallelogram ;
Color:	pink; pale pink;
Decomposition point:	26 °C299.15 K <br />78.8 °F <br />538.47 °R <br /> (pentahydrate); 280 °C553.15 K <br />536 °F <br />995.67 °R <br /> (monohydrate); 850 °C1,123.15 K <br />1,562 °F <br />2,021.67 °R <br /> (anhydrous);
Refractive index:	1.517 (pentahydrate); 1.521 (tetrahydrate); 1.632 (monohydrate);
Magnetic properties:	paramagnetic; χ=1.37 · 10-2cm³/mol;
Stability:	erodes (heptahydrate); erodes (pentahydrate); erodes (tetrahydrate)

Description

Inorganic compound, salt of transitional metal manganese and inorganic sulfuric acid. From water solutions crystallizes as pentahydrate, tetrahydrate, heptahydrate and monohydrate.

Minerals

Occurs in nature as mallardite, jôkokuite, szmikite and ilesite minerals.

Where to buy

Can be bought in fertilizers store (as "manganese vitriol").

Precursors

Reaction between manganese dioxide (black paste inside alkaline batteries) with oxalic acid and sulfuric acid

Chemical equation:

MnO₂ + H₂C₂O₄ + H₂SO₄ = MnSO₄ + 2H₂O + 2CO₂↑

For preparation of 100.00g of manganese(II) sulfate

pentahydratepentahydrate
tetrahydrate
heptahydrate
monohydrate
anhydrous

а 36.06g of dioxide, 37.35g of oxalic acid and 109.96g of 37%37% sulfuric acid is required.

Add to the flask suspended in water manganese dioxide and then add small parts of hot oxalic and sulfiric acids solution with heating and stirring. Emission of large amount of gas will begin. After reaction will stop, filter the solution and use it for crystal growing.

See here for more details.

Reaction between manganese(II) hydroxide or hydroxycarbonate with sulfuric acid

Chemical equation:

Mn(OH)₂ + H₂SO₄ = MnSO₄ + 2H₂O

Mn₂CO₃(OH)₂ + 2H₂SO₄ = 2MnSO₄ + CO₂↑ + 3H₂O

For preparation of 100.00g of manganese(II) sulfate

pentahydratepentahydrate
tetrahydrate
heptahydrate
monohydrate
anhydrous

а 36.90g of hydroxide or 42.29g of hydroxycarbonate and 109.96g of 37%37% sulfuric acid is required.

Add acid to the flask, then add small parts of manganese compound with stirring until it will totally dissolve or, if you use carbonate, until carbon dioxide emission will stop. After reaction will stop, filter the solution and use it for crystal growing.

Influence of temperature

Below ~26°C pentahydrate crystals are formed, above this temperature tetrahydrate crystals are formed.

Influence of pH level

Addition of sulfuric acid prevents hydrolysis.

Storage conditions

For crystal storing use hermetic vessel with wadding moistened with such solution near the crystal. You can use such alternatives as vessel with vaseline or vegetable oil, organic non-hygroscopic solvent (kerosene or liquid paraffin). Also you can use acrylate polymer or another kinds of solidifying plastic.

Solubility

TableGraph

Temperature	g/`100,00` g water	g/`100,00` g ethanol	g/`100,00` g methanol	g/`100,00` g hydrazine
0°C273.15 K <br />32 °F <br />491.67 °R <br />	`52.9`	`0.012`
15°C288.15 K <br />59 °F <br />518.67 °R <br />		`0.012`	`0.19`
20°C293.15 K <br />68 °F <br />527.67 °R <br />	`62.9`			`1`
25°C298.15 K <br />77 °F <br />536.67 °R <br />	`64.5`		`0.114`
30°C303.15 K <br />86 °F <br />545.67 °R <br />	`62.9`
35°C308.15 K <br />95 °F <br />554.67 °R <br />		`0.014`	`0.064`
40°C313.15 K <br />104 °F <br />563.67 °R <br />	`60`
45°C318.15 K <br />113 °F <br />572.67 °R <br />			`0.043`
55°C328.15 K <br />131 °F <br />590.67 °R <br />		`0.021`	`0.029`
60°C333.15 K <br />140 °F <br />599.67 °R <br />	`53.6`
80°C353.15 K <br />176 °F <br />635.67 °R <br />	`45.6`
90°C363.15 K <br />194 °F <br />653.67 °R <br />	`40.9`
100°C373.15 K <br />212 °F <br />671.67 °R <br />	`35.3`

Insoluble in diethyl ether, ethyl acetate and acetic acid.

Gallery

Growing for 2 weeksManganese(II) sulfate, Eugene Dudko, VKontakteEugene DudkoVKontakte
Growing for 2 weeksManganese(II) sulfate, Eugene Dudko, VKontakteEugene DudkoVKontakte
Crystals of tetrahydrate, grown at 26-29 °C. Recrystallization of compound bought in chem store.Manganese(II) sulfate, NeptuneQuartz, redditNeptuneQuartzReddit
Crystals of tetrahydrate, grown at 26-29 °C. Recrystallization of compound bought in chem store.Manganese(II) sulfate, NeptuneQuartz, redditNeptuneQuartzReddit
Crystals of tetrahydrate, grown at 26-29 °C. Recrystallization of compound bought in chem store.Manganese(II) sulfate, NeptuneQuartz, redditNeptuneQuartzReddit
Growing using slow evaporation method at room temperatureManganese(II) sulfate, Ury VashkovichUry Vashkovich
Growing using slow evaporation method at room temperatureManganese(II) sulfate, Ury VashkovichUry Vashkovich
Growing using slow evaporation method at room temperatureManganese(II) sulfate, Ury VashkovichUry Vashkovich
Dehydration of pentahydrate and tetrahydrate crystalsManganese(II) sulfate, DrWim, redditDrWimReddit
Properties of crystal hydrates of manganese(II) sulfate (RU)Manganese(II) sulfate, VKontakteVKontakte

Video

Sources

Sulfates
Simple	Aluminum sulfate (Al₂(SO₄)₃) • Ammonium sulfate ((NH₄)₂SO₄) • Calcium sulfate (CaSO₄) • Cadmium sulfate (CdSO₄) • Cerium(III) sulfate (Ce₂(SO₄)₃) • Cerium(IV) sulfate (Ce(SO₄)₂) • Chromium(III) sulfate (Cr₂(SO₄)₃) • Cobalt(II) sulfate (CoSO₄) • Copper(II) sulfate (CuSO₄) • Gadolinium sulfate (Gd₂(SO₄)₃) • Holmium sulfate (Ho₂(SO₄)₃) • Hydrazine sulfate (N₂H₄ · H₂SO₄) • Iron(II) sulfate (FeSO₄) • Iron(III) sulfate (Fe₂(SO₄)₃) • Lanthanum sulfate (La₂(SO₄)₃) • Lithium sulfate (Li₂SO₄) • Magnesium sulfate (MgSO₄) • Manganese(II) sulfate (MnSO₄) • Neodymium sulfate (Nd₂(SO₄)₃) • Nickel sulfate (NiSO₄) • Potassium sulfate (K₂SO₄) • Praseodymium(III) sulfate (Pr₂(SO₄)₃) • Rubidium sulfate (Rb₂SO₄) • Sodium hydrosulfate (NaHSO₄) • Sodium sulfate (Na₂SO₄) • Yttrium sulfate (Gd₂(SO₄)₃) • Zinc sulfate (ZnSO₄)
Alums	Aluminum-ammonium sulfate (NH₄Al(SO₄)₂) • Aluminum-potassium sulfate (KAl(SO₄)₂) • Chromium(III)-ammonium sulfate (NH₄Cr(SO₄)₂) • Chromium(III)-potassium sulfate (KCr(SO₄)₂) • Cobalt(III)-ammonium sulfate (NH₄Co(SO₄)₂) • Indium(III)-potassium sulfate (KIn(SO₄)₂) • Iron(III)-ammonium sulfate (NH₄Fe(SO₄)₂) • Iron(III)-potassium sulfate (KFe(SO₄)₂) • Manganese(III)-ammonium sulfate (NH₄Mn(SO₄)₂) • Vanadium(III)-ammonium sulfate (NH₄V(SO₄)₂)
Tutton's salts	Chromium(II)-ammonium sulfate ((NH₄)₂Cr(SO₄)₂) • Cobalt(II)-ammonium sulfate ((NH₄)₂Co(SO₄)₂) • Cobalt(II)-potassium sulfate (K₂Co(SO₄)₂) • Copper(II)-ammonium sulfate ((NH₄)₂Cu(SO₄)₂) • Copper(II)-potassium sulfate (K₂Cu(SO₄)₂) • Iron(II)-ammonium sulfate ((NH₄)₂Fe(SO₄)₂) • Iron(II)-potassium sulfate (K₂Fe(SO₄)₂) • Magnesium-ammonium sulfate ((NH₄)₂Mg(SO₄)₂) • Magnesium-potassium sulfate (K₂Mg(SO₄)₂) • Magnesium-potassium sulfate-chromate (K₂CrO₄ · MgSO₄) • Manganese(II)-ammonium sulfate ((NH₄)₂Mn(SO₄)₂) • Manganese(II)-potassium sulfate (K₂Mn(SO₄)₂) • Nickel-ammonium sulfate ((NH₄)₂Ni(SO₄)₂) • Nickel-potassium sulfate (K₂Ni(SO₄)₂) • Vanadium(II)-ammonium sulfate ((NH₄)₂V(SO₄)₂) • Zinc-ammonium sulfate ((NH₄)₂Zn(SO₄)₂) • Zinc-potassium sulfate (K₂Zn(SO₄)₂)
Double salts	Copper(II)-iron(II) sulfate ((Cu,Fe)SO₄) • Iron(II)-magnesium sulfate ((Fe,Mg)SO₄) • Lithium-potassium sulfate (KLiSO₄) • Sodium-ammonium sulfate (NaNH₄SO₄) • Zinc-sodium sulfate (Na₂Zn(SO₄)₂)
Adducts	Triglycine sulfate ((NH₂CH₂COOH)₃ · H₂SO₄) • Glutamic acid sulfate (C₅H₉NO₄ · H₂SO₄)
Complexes	Cerium(III) sulfocerate(IV) (Ce₄[Ce(SO₄)₄]₃) • Glycinecopper(II) sulfate ([Cu(NH₂CH₂COOH)]SO₄) • Hexakarbamatzinc sulfate ([(CON₂H₄)₆Zn]SO₄) • Tetraamminecopper(II) sulfate ([Cu(NH₃)₄]SO₄) • Tris(hydroxymethil)methanoaminecopper(II) sulfate ([Cu(NH₂C(CH₂OH)₃)₄]SO₄)

Manganese compounds
Salts	Manganese(II) acetate (Mn(CH₃COO)₂) • Manganese(II) chloride (MnCl₂) • Manganese(II) formate (Mn(COOH)₂) • Manganese(II) sulfate (MnSO₄)
Double salts	Cerium(III)-cobalt-manganese nitrate (3(Co,Mn)(NO₃)₂ · 2Ce(NO₃)₃) • Cerium(III)-manganese nitrate (3Mn(NO₃)₂ · 2Ce(NO₃)₃) • Manganese(II)-ammonium sulfate ((NH₄)₂Mn(SO₄)₂) • Manganese(III)-ammonium sulfate (NH₄Mn(SO₄)₂) • Manganese(II)-potassium sulfate (K₂Mn(SO₄)₂)

Manganese(II) sulfate
Names:	manganese sulfate manganese(II) sulfate manganese vitriol white vitriol
Formula:	MnSO₄ (anhydrous) MnSO₄ · H₂O (monohydrate) MnSO₄ · 4H₂O (tetrahydrate) MnSO₄ · 5H₂O (pentahydrate) MnSO₄ · 7H₂O (heptahydrate)
Molar mass:	150.999 g/mol (anhydrous) 169.014 g/mol (monohydrate) 223.059 g/mol (tetrahydrate) 241.073 g/mol (pentahydrate) 277.103 g/mol (heptahydrate)
Density:	2.09 g/cm³ (heptahydrate) 2.103 g/cm³ (pentahydrate) 2.107 g/cm³ (tetrahydrate) 2.95 g/cm³ (monohydrate) 3.25 g/cm³ (anhydrous)
Crystal system:	triclinic (heptahydrate) triclinic (pentahydrate) a=6.37 Å, b=10.77 Å, c=6.13 Åα=98.8°, β=109.9°, γ=77.8° monoclinic (tetrahydrate) a=5.9783 Å, b=13.809 Å, c=8.0481 Åα=90°, β=90.8°, γ=90° monoclinic (monohydrate) a=7.764 Å, b=7.663 Å, c=7.124 Åα=90°, β=115.85°, γ=90° rhombic"rhombic" is not in the list (monoclinic, triclinic, rhombohedral, tetragonal, orthorhombic, cubic, hexagonal) of allowed values for the "Crystal/Cell/System" property. (anhydrous) a=5.267 Å, b=8.046 Å, c=6.848 Å
Shapes:	Truncated deformed hexagonal prism Rhombic prism Rhombic pedion Parallelogram
Color:	pink pale pink
Decomposition point:	26 °C299.15 K <br />78.8 °F <br />538.47 °R <br /> (pentahydrate) 280 °C553.15 K <br />536 °F <br />995.67 °R <br /> (monohydrate) 850 °C1,123.15 K <br />1,562 °F <br />2,021.67 °R <br /> (anhydrous)
Refractive index:	1.517 (pentahydrate) 1.521 (tetrahydrate) 1.632 (monohydrate)
Magnetic properties:	paramagnetic χ=1.37 · 10^-2cm³/mol
Stability:	erodes (heptahydrate) erodes (pentahydrate) erodes (tetrahydrate)