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Vanadium(III)-ammonium sulfate

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   Vanadium(III)-ammonium sulfate   
Names: ammonium-vanadium(III) sulfate
monoammonium-vanadium(III) sulfate
vanadium-ammonium alum
vanadium alum
Formula: NH4V(SO4)2 (anhydrous)
NH4V(SO4)2 · 12H2O (dodecahydrate)
Molar mass: 261.103 g/mol (anhydrous)
477.281 g/mol (dodecahydrate)
Density: 1.69 g/cm3 (dodecahydrate)
Crystal system: cubic (dodecahydrate)
α=90°, β=90°, γ=90°
Shapes:
https://en.crystalls.info/w/uploads/media/4/4a/Cuboctahedron.json
Cuboctahedron
https://en.crystalls.info/w/uploads/media/3/37/Octahedron.json
Octahedron
https://en.crystalls.info/w/uploads/media/f/f7/Truncated_octahedron.json
Truncated octahedron

Color: dark-red
dark-violet
black
Melting point: 45 °C318.15 K <br />113 °F <br />572.67 °R <br /> (dodecahydrate)
Decomposition point: 300 °C573.15 K <br />572 °F <br />1,031.67 °R <br /> (anhydrous)
Stability: erodes (dodecahydrate)
hygroscopic (anhydrous)
Hardness: strong
Toxicity: highly toxic

Description

Inorganic compound, double salt of transitional metal vanadium, ammonium ion and inorganic sulfuric acid. From water solutions crystallizes as dodecahydrate.

Precursors

Reaction between vanadium and ammonium sulfates

Chemical equation:

(NH4)2SO4 + V2(SO4)3 = 2NH4V(SO4)2


For preparation of 100.00g of vanadium(III)-ammonium sulfate dodecahydrate а 40.86g of vanadium(III) sulfate and 13.84g of ammonium sulfate is required.

Dissolve compounds in hot water apart and then mix solutions into one container with intense stirring. Cooling or evaporation of a solution will cause double salt crystallyzation.

Reaction between vanadyl sulfate, sulfuric acid and zinc with addition of ammonium sulfate

Chemical equation:

2VOSO4 + 2H2SO4 + Zn + (NH4)2SO4 = 2NH4V(SO4)2 + ZnSO4 + 2H2O


For preparation of 100.00g of vanadium(III)-ammonium sulfate dodecahydrate а 45.48g of vanadyl sulfate trihydrate, 55.54g of 37% sulfuric acid, 6.85g of zinc and 13.84g of ammonium sulfate is required.

Add to the flask with sulfuric acid a ammonium sulfate solution with stirring.Add hot acid solution to the flask, then add vanadyl sulfate and zinc pieces, shavings or powder and stir it until gas emission will stop.

Reaction between vanadyl sulfate, tin(II) chloride and hydrochloric acid with addition of ammonium sulfate

Chemical equation:

2VOSO4 + SnCl2 + 4HCl + 2(NH4)2SO4 = 2NH4V(SO4)2 + SnCl4 + 2NH4Cl + 2H2O


For preparation of 100.00g of vanadium(III)-ammonium sulfate dodecahydrate а 45.48g of vanadyl sulfate trihydrate, 40.21g of 38% hydrochloric acid, 23.64g of chloride tin dihydrate and 27.69g of ammonium sulfate is required.

Add to the flask with hydrochloric acid a ammonium and vanadyl sulfates solution with stirring.Add hot acid to the flask, then add small parts of tin compound with stirring until it will totally dissolve .

Reaction between ammonium metavanadate, sulfuric acid and any reducing agentsuch as ethanol, isopropanol, oxalic acid, formic acid or glucose

Chemical equation:

NH4VO3 + C2H5OH + 2H2SO4 = NH4V(SO4)2 + CH3COH + 3H2O
NH4VO3 + CH3CH(OH)CH3 + 2H2SO4 = NH4V(SO4)2 + CH3C(O)CH3 + 3H2O
NH4VO3 + HOOCCOOH + 2H2SO4 = NH4V(SO4)2 + 2CO2↑ + 3H2O
4NH4VO3 + CH3COOH + 8H2SO4 = 4NH4V(SO4)2 + 2CO2↑ + 10H2O
12NH4VO3 + C6H12O6 + 24H2SO4 = 12NH4V(SO4)2 + 30H2O + 6CO2↑


For preparation of 100.00g of vanadium(III)-ammonium sulfate dodecahydrate а 24.51g of ammonium metavanadate, 9.65g of ethanol or 12.59g of isopropanol or 18.86g of oxalic acid or 3.70g of 85% formic acid or 3.15g of glucose and 111.08g of 37% sulfuric acid is required.

Add to the flask saturated solution of sulfuric acid and ammonium metavanadate and then add small parts of hot reducing agent solution with heating and stirring. Emission of large amount of gas will begin.Attention, exuding gas irritates eyes and lungs! The synthesis should be carried out only in a fume hood or outdoors!

Reaction between pure vanadium, ammonium nitrate and sulfuric acid

Chemical equation:

2H2SO4 + NH4NO3 + V = NH4V(SO4)2 + NO↑ + 2H2O


For preparation of 100.00g of vanadium(III)-ammonium sulfate dodecahydrate а 10.67g of vanadium, 16.77g of ammonium nitrate and 111.08g of 37% sulfuric acid is required.

Add to the flask with sulfuric acid a nitrate ammonium solution with stirring.Add acid to the flask, then add small parts of vanadium compound with stirring until it will totally dissolve . Attention, exuding nitric oxide irritates eyes and lungs! The synthesis should be carried out only in a fume hood or outdoors! After reaction will stop, filter the solution and use it for crystal growing.

Reaction between chloride and ammonium sulfate

Chemical equation:

2(NH4)2SO4 + VCl3 = NH4V(SO4)2 + 3NH4Cl


For preparation of 100.00g of vanadium(III)-ammonium sulfate dodecahydrate а 55.60g of vanadium(III) chloride hexahydrate and 55.37g of ammonium sulfate is required.

Dissolve compounds in hot water apart and then mix solutions into one container with intense stirring. Cooling or evaporation of a solution will cause double salt crystallyzation. Filter precipitate and wash it wish small amount of ethanol or acetone, then filter the solution and use it for crystal growing.

Reaction between vanadium(III) sulfate and nitrate or ammonium chloride

Chemical equation:

3NH4NO3 + 2V2(SO4)3 = 3NH4V(SO4)2 + V(NO3)3
3NH4Cl + 2V2(SO4)3 = 3NH4V(SO4)2 + VCl3


For preparation of 100.00g of vanadium(III)-ammonium sulfate dodecahydrate а 54.48g of vanadium(III) sulfate and 16.77g of ammonium nitrate or 11.21g of ammonium chloride is required.

Dissolve compounds in hot water apart and then mix solutions into one container with intense stirring. Cooling or evaporation of a solution will cause double salt crystallyzation. Filter precipitate and wash it wish small amount of ethanol, then filter the solution and use it for crystal growing.

Influence of impurities

Addition of borax has no affect on crystal shape, as it does with ammonium alum.

Notes

Due to crystal erosion in the air, they are usually coated with a layer of ammonium alum. Alums are isomorphous between each other, so they are not dissolving in saturated solution of other alums.
Also, you can combine alums in one solution, getting crystals of other shades.

Storage conditions

For crystal storing use hermetic vessel with wadding moistened with such solution near the crystal. You can use such alternatives as vessel with vaseline or vegetable oil, organic non-hygroscopic solvent (kerosene or liquid paraffin). Also you can use acrylate polymer or another kinds of solidifying plastic.

Solubility

Temperatureg/100,00 g water
20°C293.15 K <br />68 °F <br />527.67 °R <br />15.6
Insoluble in ethanol and acetone.


Gallery


Sources


Navigation


   Sulfates
Simple

Aluminum sulfate (Al2(SO4)3) • Ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4) • Calcium sulfate (CaSO4) • Cadmium sulfate (CdSO4) • Cerium(III) sulfate (Ce2(SO4)3) • Cerium(IV) sulfate (Ce(SO4)2) • Chromium(III) sulfate (Cr2(SO4)3) • Cobalt(II) sulfate (CoSO4) • Copper(II) sulfate (CuSO4) • Gadolinium sulfate (Gd2(SO4)3) • Holmium sulfate (Ho2(SO4)3) • Hydrazine sulfate (N2H4 · H2SO4) • Iron(II) sulfate (FeSO4) • Iron(III) sulfate (Fe2(SO4)3) • Lanthanum sulfate (La2(SO4)3) • Lithium sulfate (Li2SO4) • Magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) • Manganese(II) sulfate (MnSO4) • Neodymium sulfate (Nd2(SO4)3) • Nickel sulfate (NiSO4) • Potassium sulfate (K2SO4) • Praseodymium(III) sulfate (Pr2(SO4)3) • Rubidium sulfate (Rb2SO4) • Sodium hydrosulfate (NaHSO4) • Sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) • Yttrium sulfate (Gd2(SO4)3) • Zinc sulfate (ZnSO4)

Alums

Aluminum-ammonium sulfate (NH4Al(SO4)2) • Aluminum-potassium sulfate (KAl(SO4)2) • Chromium(III)-ammonium sulfate (NH4Cr(SO4)2) • Chromium(III)-potassium sulfate (KCr(SO4)2) • Cobalt(III)-ammonium sulfate (NH4Co(SO4)2) • Indium(III)-potassium sulfate (KIn(SO4)2) • Iron(III)-ammonium sulfate (NH4Fe(SO4)2) • Iron(III)-potassium sulfate (KFe(SO4)2) • Manganese(III)-ammonium sulfate (NH4Mn(SO4)2) • Vanadium(III)-ammonium sulfate (NH4V(SO4)2)

Tutton's salts

Chromium(II)-ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2Cr(SO4)2) • Cobalt(II)-ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2Co(SO4)2) • Cobalt(II)-potassium sulfate (K2Co(SO4)2) • Copper(II)-ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2Cu(SO4)2) • Copper(II)-potassium sulfate (K2Cu(SO4)2) • Iron(II)-ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2Fe(SO4)2) • Iron(II)-potassium sulfate (K2Fe(SO4)2) • Magnesium-ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2Mg(SO4)2) • Magnesium-potassium sulfate (K2Mg(SO4)2) • Magnesium-potassium sulfate-chromate (K2CrO4 · MgSO4) • Manganese(II)-ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2Mn(SO4)2) • Manganese(II)-potassium sulfate (K2Mn(SO4)2) • Nickel-ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2Ni(SO4)2) • Nickel-potassium sulfate (K2Ni(SO4)2) • Vanadium(II)-ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2V(SO4)2) • Zinc-ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2Zn(SO4)2) • Zinc-potassium sulfate (K2Zn(SO4)2)

Double salts

Copper(II)-iron(II) sulfate ((Cu,Fe)SO4) • Iron(II)-magnesium sulfate ((Fe,Mg)SO4) • Lithium-potassium sulfate (KLiSO4) • Sodium-ammonium sulfate (NaNH4SO4) • Zinc-sodium sulfate (Na2Zn(SO4)2)

Adducts

Triglycine sulfate ((NH2CH2COOH)3 · H2SO4) • Glutamic acid sulfate (C5H9NO4 · H2SO4)

Complexes

Cerium(III) sulfocerate(IV) (Ce4[Ce(SO4)4]3) • Glycinecopper(II) sulfate ([Cu(NH2CH2COOH)]SO4) • Hexakarbamatzinc sulfate ([(CON2H4)6Zn]SO4) • Tetraamminecopper(II) sulfate ([Cu(NH3)4]SO4) • Tris(hydroxymethil)methanoaminecopper(II) sulfate ([Cu(NH2C(CH2OH)3)4]SO4)


   Ammonium compounds
Salts

Ammonium citrate ((NH4)3C3H5O(COO)3) • Ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) • Ammonium dichromate ((NH4)2Cr2O7) • Ammonium dihydrophosphate (NH4H2PO4) • Ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) • Ammonium perrhenate (NH4ReO4) • Ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4) • Ammonium succinate ((NH4)2C4H4O4) • Ammonium tetraborate ((NH4)2B4O7) • Ammonium thiocyanate (NH4NCS)

Double salts

Aluminum-ammonium sulfate (NH4Al(SO4)2) • Calcium-ammonium nitrate (5Ca(NO3)2 · NH4NO3) • Chromium(II)-ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2Cr(SO4)2) • Chromium(III)-ammonium sulfate (NH4Cr(SO4)2) • Cobalt(II)-ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2Co(SO4)2) • Cobalt(III)-ammonium sulfate (NH4Co(SO4)2) • Copper(II)-ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2Cu(SO4)2) • Iron(II)-ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2Fe(SO4)2) • Iron(III)-ammonium sulfate (NH4Fe(SO4)2) • Magnesium-ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2Mg(SO4)2) • Manganese(II)-ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2Mn(SO4)2) • Manganese(III)-ammonium sulfate (NH4Mn(SO4)2) • Nickel-ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2Ni(SO4)2) • Sodium-ammonium sulfate (NaNH4SO4) • Vanadium(II)-ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2V(SO4)2) • Vanadium(III)-ammonium sulfate (NH4V(SO4)2) • Zinc-ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2Zn(SO4)2)

Complexes

Ammines • Ammonium dioxalatocuprate(II) ((NH4)2[Cu(C2O4)2]) • Ammonium pentachloroferrate(III) ((NH4)2[FeCl5]) • Ammonium tetrachlorocuprate(II) ((NH4)2[CuCl4]) • Ammonium trioxalatoferrate(III) ((NH4)3[Fe(C2O4)3])


   Vanadium compounds

Vanadium(II)-ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2V(SO4)2) • Vanadium(III)-ammonium sulfate (NH4V(SO4)2)

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